What is gouge damage, and how does it occur?
Gouge damage is a type of mechanical damage that occurs when a foreign object scrapes or cuts the surface of a pipeline, removing part of the pipe wall.1 Unlike dents, gouges can occur without visibly deforming the shape of the pipeline.1,2 They are typically caused by heavy equipment used for construction, excavation, drainage work, or agricultural activities.1 Common causes include the teeth of a mechanical digger or other sharp tools that come into contact with the pipeline.2 Gouges may occur alone or in combination with dents. When both are present, the damage is considered the most severe form of mechanical impact.2
What are the risks of gouge damage?
Even a single gouge can compromise pipeline safety. Risks include:
- Cracking: Gouges can cause stress concentrations that can lead to cracking, especially if a hard layer forms in the damaged area.3
- Hydrogen-induced cracking: Over time, gouged areas may develop cracks due to hydrogen embrittlement.3
- Combined dent and gouge: The impact energy is extremely high when a gouge is associated with a dent. This combination significantly increases the likelihood of failure.2
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Source reference
- The Encyclopedia of Pipeline Defects, ROSEN UK, Edition 3, 2017.
- Managing Pipeline Threats, John Tiratsoo, 2019.
- The Competence Club, ROSEN, 2025.